The use of laser technology for anal fistula treatment in India is becoming increasingly popular due to its effectiveness and advantages. The laser procedure involves the introduction of a precise amount of laser energy into the fistula tract through a thin laser probe. The laser destroys the tissues in the fistula, and then the laser probe is pulled back, closing the tract. This process is quick and causes minimal damage to healthy tissues. Compared to other treatments, laser therapy offers a shorter recovery time and increased comfort for patients. To treat an anal fistula, surgery is necessary to remove the fistula completely so that it can heal into a flat scar. Depending on the location and severity of symptoms, various surgical procedures are used. Before surgery, a thorough evaluation is conducted to determine the appropriate surgical technique for each patient. Anal fistulas usually do not heal on their own, and surgery is the recommended treatment option. The choice of surgery is based on factors such as the location of the fistula and whether it branches out in multiple directions.

What exactly is an anal fistula?

An anal fistula is a tube that connects an infected cyst in the anus to a skin hole around the anus. Dr. Somak Ghosh, one of the best fistula specialist in Kolkata, explains that abscess or cyst occur when tiny glands that generate mucus inside the anus get blocked and infected. Half of these abscesses have the potential to develop into fistulas.

Laser procedure for fistula treatment:

Laser fistula surgery is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat fistulas, abnormal connections between two organs or vessels that can cause complications such as infection, bleeding or incontinence. The procedure involves inserting a small fiber optic cable into the fistula and delivering laser energy to close off the abnormal connection. The laser energy heats and seals the tissues around the fistula, creating a barrier that prevents fluids and other materials from passing through. The procedure is typically performed under local anesthesia and takes about 30-60 minutes to complete. Patients can usually return to normal activities within a few days after the surgery.

What causes fistula in ano?

The exact cause of this condition is not always clear, but there are several factors that can contribute to its development. Here are seven possible causes of fistula in ano:

• An anal abscess: A collection of pus in the anal canal or rectum can lead to an anal abscess, which can then progress to a fistula.

• Crohn's disease: This inflammatory bowel disease can cause inflammation and ulceration in the lining of the digestive tract, including the anal canal, which can lead to the development of a fistula.

• Trauma: An injury or surgery in the anal area can lead to the formation of a fistula.

• Infection: Certain infections such as tuberculosis or sexually transmitted infections can cause fistula in ano.

• Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy to the pelvic area can cause damage to the tissues and lead to the formation of a fistula.

• Chronic constipation: Straining during bowel movements can cause pressure on the anal canal, leading to the development of a fistula.

• Idiopathic: In some cases, the cause of fistula in ano is unknown, referred to as idiopathic.

What are the symptoms of fistula in ano? answer in 7 points

Fistula in ano can cause a range of symptoms that vary in severity depending on the extent and location of the abnormal channel. Here are seven common symptoms of fistula in ano:

• Pain: Pain around the anus is a common symptom of fistula in ano, which can be throbbing or aching.

• Swelling: There may be swelling around the anus, which can be tender and painful to the touch.

• Discharge: There may be a foul-smelling discharge from the opening of the fistula, which can be pus-like or bloody.

• Itching: Itching around the anus is common, which can be due to the discharge.

• Fever: In some cases, there may be a fever, which can indicate an infection.

• Bowel changes: Changes in bowel habits such as diarrhea or constipation can occur due to inflammation and irritation of the anal canal.

• Recurrent abscesses: Fistula in ano can be associated with recurrent abscesses, which can cause severe pain and swelling around the anus.

Advantages of Laser surgery over open surgery:

Advantages of Laser Surgery
	Open Surgery	Laser Surgery
Type of procedure	Traditional surgical approach using a scalpel to make a large incision	Minimally invasive procedure using laser energy to seal tissues
Size of incision	Large incision (may require stitches and longer healing time)	Small incision (usually no stitches needed and shorter healing time)
Pain	More postoperative	Less postoperative
Anesthesia	Generally requires general anesthesia	Can be performed under local anesthesia or light sedation
Scarring	Results in larger scars	Results in smaller scars or no visible scars
Bleeding	More bleeding	Less bleeding
Recovery time	Longer recovery time	Shorter recovery time

What are the risks of fistula in ano?

Fistula in ano can cause various complications, which can be serious if left untreated. Here are five possible risks associated with fistula in ano:

• Infection: Fistula in ano can cause recurrent infections, which can lead to sepsis, a potentially life-threatening condition.

• Abscess formation: Fistula in ano can be associated with recurrent abscesses, which can be painful and require drainage.

• Fecal incontinence: In some cases, fistula in ano can damage the muscles that control bowel movements, leading to fecal incontinence or difficulty controlling bowel movements.

• Fistula recurrence: Fistula in ano can recur after treatment, especially if the entire tract is not completely removed.

• Rectal prolapse: In rare cases, fistula in ano can be associated with rectal prolapse, a condition where the rectum protrudes from the anus.

How to prevent fistula in ano?

There are several steps that can reduce the risk of developing the condition. Here are five ways to help prevent fistula in ano:

• Maintain good anal hygiene: Keeping the anal area clean and dry can help prevent infections and reduce the risk of developing an anal abscess.

• Treat underlying medical conditions: Treating underlying conditions such as Crohn's disease or sexually transmitted infections can help prevent fistula in ano.

• Avoid constipation: Eating a high-fiber diet, drinking plenty of water, and exercising regularly can help prevent constipation and reduce the risk of developing an anal abscess.

• Avoid prolonged sitting: Sitting for long periods of time can put pressure on the anal area, leading to irritation and inflammation. Taking regular breaks and standing up and stretching can help prevent this.